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Reinventing Genres: Tips for Filmmakers

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Genres offer filmmakers a blueprint for storytelling, but they can also become predictable if followed too rigidly. To stand out and captivate modern audiences, filmmakers increasingly experiment with genre conventions, blending or subverting established norms to deliver fresh and surprising experiences. However, breaking the mold comes with its own set of challenges. Here’s how you can navigate the evolution of genre to create something truly original.

1. Understand the Rules Before Breaking Them

Before subverting genre conventions, you need a deep understanding of them. Audiences have expectations tied to genres—romances promise emotional connections, while horror builds tension and fear. Knowing these tropes allows you to decide which to keep, tweak, or completely upend to create impactful surprises.

Actionable Tip: Study successful genre films to identify their core conventions. For instance, in horror, the “final girl” trope often symbolizes survival. If you’re creating a horror film, consider flipping the trope by making the “final girl” the antagonist.

2. Blend Genres to Add Depth

Blending genres is an effective way to challenge expectations while broadening a story’s appeal. Films like Get Out seamlessly mix horror and social commentary, while Shaun of the Dead combines comedy with zombie horror. These hybrids resonate because they respect the essence of each genre while delivering something unexpected.

Actionable Tip: Identify the emotional beats of your primary genre, then layer in secondary elements. For instance, a drama can incorporate sci-fi elements to explore human relationships in a futuristic setting, like Her did.

3. Subvert Character Archetypes

Audiences often anticipate specific character types within genres, such as the heroic protagonist in action films or the wise mentor in fantasy. Subverting these archetypes can result in compelling narratives. For example, Knives Out turns the classic whodunit genre on its head by revealing key plot points early, making the journey more about “why” than “who.”

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Actionable Tip: Write character profiles for your leads and supporting cast, then challenge their roles. Can the villain be sympathetic? Could the mentor be unreliable? By defying expectations, you add complexity and intrigue.

4. Leverage Visual and Tonal Shifts

Genres often carry distinct visual and tonal markers—romantic comedies are bright and cheerful, while noir is dark and brooding. Playing with these elements can surprise audiences and enrich your narrative. For example, Parasite starts as a dark comedy but shifts into thriller territory, creating an emotionally charged experience.

Actionable Tip: Experiment with lighting, color palettes, and sound design to transition between tones or disrupt visual expectations. A colorful, vibrant world juxtaposed with a dark storyline, like in Jojo Rabbit, can create a striking contrast.

5. Balance Risk and Reward

Subverting genre expectations is a bold move, but it risks alienating audiences who expect familiarity. The key is to maintain a balance: innovate while staying true to the core emotional journey that the genre promises. For example, Mad Max: Fury Road redefined action films by focusing on relentless momentum while keeping the stakes and emotional arcs clear.

Actionable Tip: Test your story with trusted collaborators or small audiences. Gauge their reactions to ensure your subversions enhance the experience rather than confuse or frustrate viewers.

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6. Reinvent Timeless Themes

While genres evolve, their core themes—love, fear, ambition, or survival—remain timeless. By addressing these universal themes in innovative ways, you can create works that feel fresh yet deeply relatable. A film like The Shape of Water reinvents the romance genre by pairing a mute woman with an amphibious creature, blending fantasy with profound emotional depth.

Actionable Tip: Start with a universal theme, then brainstorm unique ways to explore it. For example, instead of a typical hero’s journey, could your story revolve around a collective effort or an antihero’s quest?

7. Learn from Genre Masters Who Break the Mold

Many groundbreaking filmmakers have pushed genre boundaries, creating new storytelling paradigms. Directors like Jordan Peele, Bong Joon-ho, and Greta Gerwig challenge conventions without losing sight of the emotional core of their stories. Studying their techniques can inspire your own creative choices.

Actionable Tip: Analyze a few genre-bending films and dissect how they challenge norms. What tropes did they keep or discard? How did they maintain emotional resonance while experimenting? Apply these insights to your project.

Final Thoughts: Evolving Genre with Purpose

Subverting or blending genres isn’t about discarding traditions—it’s about evolving them to reflect contemporary sensibilities. By understanding the essence of genres and pushing their boundaries thoughtfully, you can craft stories that surprise, engage, and resonate deeply with audiences. The key is to innovate without losing sight of the emotional truths that make genres timeless.

Bolanle Media is excited to announce our partnership with The Newbie Film Academy to offer comprehensive courses designed specifically for aspiring screenwriters. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to enhance your skills, our resources will provide you with the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in the competitive world of screenwriting. Join us today to unlock your creative potential and take your first steps toward crafting compelling stories that resonate with audiences. Let’s turn your ideas into impactful scripts together!

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How to Create Emotion in Film

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Emotions are the foundation of the human experience. They shape our decisions, color our memories, and drive our relationships. In cinema, emotions are not just an added layer—they are the very heart of storytelling. If a film leaves its audience unmoved, it is often deemed a failure. Understanding how emotions work, both psychologically and cinematically, reveals the secrets behind films that truly resonate.

The Psychology of Emotion

Where Do Emotions Come From?

Modern psychology has long sought to answer two central questions about emotion:

  • Where do emotions originate?
  • How can they be categorized?

For filmmakers, the origin of emotion is especially relevant. Evolutionary psychologists argue that basic emotions are products of natural selection, serving crucial roles in survival by aiding decision-making, motivation, socialization, and memory.

Components of Emotion

Psychologist Klaus Scherer identifies five components of emotion:

  1. Cognitive Appraisal: The brain’s identification of an emotion.
  2. Bodily Symptoms: Physical manifestations, like a racing heart.
  3. Action Tendencies: How we are motivated to respond.
  4. Expression: Outward signs, such as facial expressions or gestures.
  5. Feelings: The subjective experience of the emotion.

Theories of Emotional Experience

  • James-Lange Theory: Early theorists William James and Carl Lange posited that emotions are the result of physiological reactions. For example, “I’m sweaty, so I must be nervous.”
  • Cognitive Appraisal Theory: Richard Lazarus later argued that thought comes first. We appraise a situation, then experience both physiological and emotional reactions. One person might see a rat and feel fear; another might see the same rat and feel joy.

How to Create Emotion in Film

1. Write Emotion into the Script

  • Script as the Heart: The emotional impact of a film begins with its script. Audiences must care about the story and its characters; when characters feel, viewers feel.
  • Recontextualized Repetition: Repeating lines, objects, or motifs in new contexts gives them deeper meaning (e.g., the shoes in Jojo Rabbit or the song “Remember Me” in Coco).
  • Dialogue: Well-crafted dialogue can move through a spectrum of emotions, as seen in the monologue from Steel Magnolias, which shifts from sadness to rage.

Example: “Toy Story 2” Flashback

Jessie’s flashback uses dialogue, repetition, and context to build a powerful emotional arc, culminating in the line: “You never forget kids like Emily or Andy. But they forget you.”

2. Use Visual Storytelling to Evoke Feeling

  • Lighting: Sets the mood—low-key lighting creates tension (Alien), while bright light evokes relief (The Lord of the Rings).
  • Camera Angles and Movement: High angles can convey guilt (Manchester by the Sea), close-ups foster intimacy (Interstellar), and wide shots can evoke grandeur or loneliness (La La Land).
  • Color: Red can induce unease; cool tones suggest melancholy.
  • Framing: Focusing on faces or omitting them (as with Emily in Toy Story 2) centers the audience on the emotional experience.
  • Camera Movement: Moving toward a character can create empathy; pulling away can evoke isolation.

3. Hone Emotion in Post-Production

  • Editing: The rhythm of cuts and transitions can heighten or prolong emotion. Dissolves can evoke memory and nostalgia; hard cuts can underscore abrupt loss.
  • Music: Perhaps the most potent emotional tool, music can make us cry, thrill us, or terrify us. The song “When She Loved Me” in Toy Story 2 is a prime example.
  • Sound Design: Beyond music, sound effects can amplify tension or anxiety (e.g., the fry cracker in Boogie Nights).

Table: Filmmaking Techniques for Evoking Emotion

TechniqueExample Film/SceneEmotional Effect
Recontextualized RepetitionJojo Rabbit (Rosie’s shoes)Heightens heartbreak
DialogueSteel Magnolias (monologue)Shifts through grief and rage
LightingAlien (low-key), LOTR (bright)Fear, relief
Camera AnglesManchester by the Sea (high angle)Guilt, empathy
ColorToy Story 2 (golden to muted)Nostalgia, melancholy
EditingEternal Sunshine (intercutting)Nostalgia, longing
MusicToy Story 2 (“When She Loved Me”)Sadness, loss
Sound DesignBoogie Nights (crackers)Anxiety, tension

Conclusion

No two movies are alike, but the best films share a common goal: to move us. Whether through writing, visuals, editing, or sound, filmmakers draw on the science of emotion to craft experiences that linger long after the credits roll. Great films make us feel—sometimes joy, sometimes sorrow, but always something real.

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10 Types of Shots Every Filmmaker Should Know

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Understanding camera shots is fundamental for new filmmakers. Each shot type not only frames your subject but also shapes the story, mood, and emotional impact of your film. Below is a detailed breakdown of the ten essential shots, with practical advice and tips to help you master them from the start.

1. Wide Shot (Long Shot)

  • What it is: Shows the subject within their environment, often from a distance.
  • Why it matters: Establishes context, location, and scale. It’s often used as an opening or establishing shot.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use wide shots to orient your audience at the start of a scene.
    • Pay attention to composition—avoid cluttered backgrounds and keep the frame balanced.
    • Don’t be afraid to move your camera to find the most visually interesting angle.

2. Full Shot

  • What it is: Frames the subject from head to toe, including some background.
  • Why it matters: Captures body language and movement, crucial for action or dance scenes.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use full shots to show physicality or when characters interact with their environment.
    • Make sure the subject isn’t too small in the frame—keep them prominent but not cramped.

3. Medium Shot

  • What it is: Frames the subject from the waist up.
  • Why it matters: Balances the subject and background, ideal for dialogue and character interaction.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use medium shots for conversations and to show relationships between characters.
    • Watch for distracting elements in the background and keep the camera steady.

4. Medium Close-Up

  • What it is: Frames the subject from the chest or shoulders up.
  • Why it matters: Highlights facial expressions while still providing some context.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use this shot to capture subtle emotions.
    • Ensure the subject’s eyes are in focus and well-lit.

5. Close-Up

  • What it is: Fills the frame with the subject’s face or a specific detail.
  • Why it matters: Captures emotions, reactions, and important details.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use close-ups to emphasize key moments or reactions.
    • Avoid overusing close-ups; they’re most powerful when used sparingly.

6. Extreme Close-Up

  • What it is: Focuses on a very small detail, such as eyes, lips, or an object.
  • Why it matters: Intensifies emotion or draws attention to a critical element.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use extreme close-ups to highlight something crucial or to create tension.
    • Make sure the detail you’re focusing on is relevant to the story.

7. Over-the-Shoulder Shot (OTS)

  • What it is: Shows the subject from behind another character’s shoulder.
  • Why it matters: Connects characters and provides the audience with a sense of perspective.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use OTS shots in conversations to establish spatial relationships.
    • Maintain consistent eyelines and follow the 180-degree rule to avoid confusing the audience.

8. Point-of-View Shot (POV)

  • What it is: Shows the scene from a character’s perspective.
  • Why it matters: Immerses the audience in the character’s experience.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use POV shots to make viewers feel part of the action.
    • Keep the camera movement natural—avoid shaky footage unless it serves the story.

9. High Angle Shot

  • What it is: Looks down on the subject from above.
  • Why it matters: Makes the subject appear smaller, weaker, or more vulnerable.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use high angles to convey vulnerability or power dynamics.
    • Don’t overuse—reserve for moments when you want to emphasize a character’s situation.

10. Low Angle Shot

  • What it is: Looks up at the subject from below.
  • Why it matters: Makes the subject appear larger, more powerful, or imposing.
  • Beginner advice:
    • Use low angles to show dominance, heroism, or intimidation.
    • Be mindful of background elements—avoid clutter or distractions above your subject.

Essential Shot Composition Tips for New Filmmakers

  • Plan Your Shots: Create a shot list before filming. This helps you visualize each scene and ensures you capture all necessary angles.
  • Use a Tripod or Stabilization: Keep your shots steady, especially as a beginner. Shaky footage can distract from your story.
  • Frame Carefully: Pay attention to the background, edges, and what’s in focus. Use the rule of thirds to create balanced, engaging compositions.
  • Vary Your Angles: Don’t shoot everything from eye level. Experiment with high, low, and side angles to add visual interest.
  • Practice Regularly: Try recreating shots from your favorite films or practice with everyday objects at home. Review your footage and look for ways to improve framing and composition.
  • Avoid Common Mistakes:
    • Don’t rely solely on auto settings—learn manual controls for exposure, focus, and white balance.
    • Don’t neglect sound—bad audio can ruin a good shot.
    • Don’t overuse shallow depth-of-field or camera movement without purpose.
    • Always get enough coverage—shoot a variety of shot sizes for each scene.

Quick Reference Table

Shot TypeDescriptionTypical Use CaseBeginner Tip
Wide/Long ShotSubject in environmentEstablishing location, scaleKeep frame balanced, avoid clutter
Full ShotHead-to-toe framingBody language, movementSubject should be prominent
Medium ShotWaist upDialogue, character interactionWatch background, keep steady
Medium Close-UpChest/shoulders upFacial expressions, contextFocus on eyes, good lighting
Close-UpFace or detail fills frameEmotions, reactionsUse sparingly for impact
Extreme Close-UpIsolated detail (eyes, object)Intense emotion, critical detailHighlight story-relevant details
Over-the-ShoulderBehind another character’s shoulderConversations, perspectiveMaintain eyelines, 180-degree rule
Point-of-ViewFrom character’s perspectiveImmersion, subjective experienceKeep movement natural
High AngleCamera above subjectVulnerability, power dynamicsUse for emphasis, not overuse
Low AngleCamera below subjectPower, dominance, heroismWatch for background distractions

Final Advice for New Filmmakers

  • Start Simple: Focus on mastering the basics before experimenting with complex shots or movements.
  • Learn by Doing: The best way to improve is to shoot regularly, review your work, and seek feedback.
  • Tell a Story: Every shot should serve the story. Don’t use a shot just because it looks cool—make sure it has a purpose.
  • Be Patient: Filmmaking is a craft that takes time to develop. Embrace mistakes as learning opportunities and keep practicing.

By understanding and practicing these ten essential shots, and following these tips, you’ll build a strong foundation for visual storytelling and set yourself up for success as a filmmaker.

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How to Find Your Voice as a Filmmaker

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Every filmmaker aspires to create projects that are not only memorable but also uniquely their own. Finding your creative voice is a journey that requires self-reflection, bold choices, and an unwavering commitment to your vision. Here’s how to uncover your style, take risks, and craft original work that stands out.

1. Discovering Your Voice: Understanding Your Influences

Your unique voice begins with recognizing what inspires you.

  • Step 1: Reflect on the themes, genres, or emotions that consistently draw your interest. Are you inspired by human resilience, surreal worlds, or untold histories?
  • Step 2: Study the work of filmmakers you admire. Analyze what resonates with you—their use of color, pacing, or narrative techniques.

Tip: Combine what you love with your personal experiences to create a lens that only you can offer.

Example: Wes Anderson’s whimsical, symmetrical worlds stem from his love of classic storytelling and his unique visual style.

Wes Anderson

Takeaway: Start with what moves you, then add your personal touch.

2. Taking Creative Risks: Experiment and Evolve

To stand out, you must be willing to challenge conventions and explore new territory.

Example: Jordan Peele blended horror with social commentary in Get Out, creating a genre-defying film that captivated audiences.

L-R: Jordan Peele, Keegan-Michael Key

Takeaway: Risks are an opportunity for growth, even if they don’t always succeed.

3. Telling Original Stories: Start with Authenticity

Original projects resonate when they stem from a place of truth.

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  • Draw from Experience: Incorporate elements of your own life, culture, or worldview into your stories.
  • Explore the “Why”: Ask yourself why this story matters to you and how it connects with your audience.
  • Avoid Trends: Focus on timeless narratives rather than chasing current fads.

Example: Greta Gerwig’s Lady Bird was deeply personal, based on her experiences growing up in Sacramento. The film’s authenticity made it universally relatable.

Greta Gerwig

Takeaway: The more personal the story, the more it resonates.

4. Developing Your Style: Consistency Meets Creativity

Style is not just about visuals—it’s how you tell a story across all elements of filmmaking.

  • Visual Language: Experiment with colors, lighting, and framing to create a distinct aesthetic.
  • Narrative Voice: Develop consistent themes or motifs across your projects.
  • Sound Design: Use music, sound effects, and silence to evoke specific emotions.

Example: Quentin Tarantino’s use of dialogue, pop culture references, and bold music choices makes his work instantly recognizable.

Quentin Tarantino

Takeaway: Your style should be intentional, evolving as you grow but always recognizable as yours.

5. Staying True to Yourself: Building Confidence in Your Vision

The filmmaking process is full of challenges, but staying true to your voice is essential.

  • Stay Authentic: Trust your instincts, even if your ideas seem unconventional.
  • Adapt Without Compromise: Be open to feedback but maintain your core vision.
  • Celebrate Your Growth: View every project, successful or not, as a stepping stone in your creative journey.

Example: Ava DuVernay shifted from public relations to filmmaking, staying true to her voice in films like Selma and 13th, which focus on social justice.

L-R: Lupita Nyong’o, Ava DuVernay

Takeaway: Your voice evolves with every project, so embrace the process.

Conclusion: From Idea to Screen, Your Voice is Your Superpower

Finding your voice as a filmmaker takes time, courage, and commitment. By exploring your influences, taking risks, and staying true to your perspective, you’ll craft stories that not only stand out but also resonate deeply with your audience.

Bolanle Media is excited to announce our partnership with The Newbie Film Academy to offer comprehensive courses designed specifically for aspiring screenwriters. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to enhance your skills, our resources will provide you with the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in the competitive world of screenwriting. Join us today to unlock your creative potential and take your first steps toward crafting compelling stories that resonate with audiences. Let’s turn your ideas into impactful scripts together!

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