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Michigan’s Jim Harbaugh says college athletes should unionize. What would that look like? on January 18, 2024 at 11:00 am Business News | The Hill
University of Michigan head football coach Jim Harbaugh after his team’s championship win last week said college athletes should be able to unionize, one of the biggest endorsements the idea has received in years. Â
Discussions on college sports unions are not new, but with the rise of name, image and likeness (NIL) deals and revenue-sharing for athletes, some think it is only a matter of time before at least some student-athletes organize. Â
âI think the cultural winds are shifting here with a lot of administrative stakeholders and coaches are going to be moving in the direction of coach Harbaugh,â said Jason Stahl, founder and executive director of the College Football Players Association, pointing out the Wolverines leader is the first head coach to come out in support of unions. Â
The basic idea of student-athletes sharing in the sometimes tremendous revenue they bring in has broad support, but how organized labor would work in university locker rooms is unclear. Some experts say the changes would have to start with the top.
âI think it would have to be smaller groups if you tried to do it. You know, with every college athlete or with every Division 1 college athlete â that’s too big, too unwieldy. … I think it needs to be much smaller,â said Mit Winter, a sports attorney with the law firm Kennyhertz Perry. Â
Others say that it’s important all college athletes can unionize if they want, regardless of what sport or division they are in.
Stahl, however, says different unions would have to have different demands depending on the school and what type of revenue is brought in from their team, pointing to the Ivy League Dartmouth College’s men’s basketball players filing a formal petition for a union election.
“When we think of Dartmouth men’s basketball, we don’t think about high-level NCAA basketball, right?” he said.
“You look at the situation of an Ivy League athlete, I think the two things that come to the top of my head is an hourly wage,” Stahl added, saying the team in its hearings for unionization noted its student manager makes an hourly wage but players do not.
He said another thing Ivy League students might try to negotiate is athletic scholarships, which none of the elite schools currently offers.
If athletes get themselves into a position to bargain, bigger football programs would likely see deals that are smaller but similar to those in the NFL. Â
“I think the first labor agreement would be simple in its structure and cover basic topics such as a pay scale and revenue sharing and the definition of a season,â said Michael LeRoy, professor and expert at sports labor law at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign.Â
Harbaugh, who has played and coached at the college and professional levels, made his organized labor pitch after Michigan’s 34-13 victory against the University of Washington Huskies, the team’s first national title in more than 25 years.
âThe thing I would change about college football is to let the talent share in the ever-increasing revenues,â Harbaugh said. âWeâre all robbing the same train, and the ones that are in the position to do the heavy lifting, the ones that risk life and limb out there on a football field are the players and not just, not just football players, student-athletes.âÂ
âFor a long time, people say that unionizing would be bad,â he added. âIf people arenât gonna do it, if theyâre not gonna do it out of their own goodwill, and do whatâs right, I mean, thatâs probably the next step.âÂ
While momentum is moving for revenue-sharing between players and teams, the current structure makes it difficult for players to officially unionize. Â
Jim Cavale, co-founder of athletes.org, a nonprofit aimed at helping players organize and make their voices heard, laid out conditions that he said make unionization âimpossible,” including that athletes are not considered employees and the laws against public state employees unionizing. Â
âI do think, generally that athletes can already organize, and that’s what we’re working on at athletes.org,â Cavale said. âAnd it doesn’t have to be through a union. It can be through a trade association, which is what athletes.org is, that doesn’t require athletes to be employees and doesn’t have to red tape legal wise that prevents athletes from organizing.âÂ
Talk of unionization comes amid growing interest in NIL deals among college and high school athletes.
The Senate Judiciary Committee held a hearing last fall about how compensation for college sports and NIL deals should be addressed, with lawmakers looking at legislation to codify rules on these issues. Â
âTo enable enhanced benefits while protecting programs from one-size-fits-all actions in the courts, we support codifying current regulatory guidance into law by granting student-athletes special status that would affirm they are not employees,â said Charlie Baker, the president of the NCAA, in his opening remarks at the hearing.Â
Another hearing on the topic will be held Thursday with Baker coming back in to lobby that students should not be considered employees. Â
The push to find a legislative solution and get the rules changed comes as two court cases are now considering whether some college athletes are considered employees under the current laws. Â
“I think right now is the perfect time [for change] because [of] the urgency due to the sand timer set around these cases. It’s getting a lot of the leaders in college sports to think about solutions in the interim, and the athletes need to be organized to do the same,â Cavale said. Â
âEducation, Business, Jim Harbaugh, NILÂ University of Michigan head football coach Jim Harbaugh after his team’s championship win last week said college athletes should be able to unionize, one of the biggest endorsements the idea has received in years. Discussions on college sports unions are not new, but with the rise of name, image and likeness (NIL) deals and revenue-sharing…Â Â
Business
What the Michael Biopic Means for Every Indie Filmmaker

The Michael Jackson biopic Michael is more than celebrity drama; it is a real-time lesson in how legal decisions can quietly rewrite a story that millions of people will see. You do not need a $200M budget for the same forcesâcontracts, settlements, and rights issuesâto shape or even erase key parts of your own work.

What Happened to Michael
The film Michael originally included a third act that addressed the 1993 child sexual abuse allegations and their impact on Jacksonâs life and career. Trade reports say this version showed investigators at Neverland Ranch and dramatized the scandal as a turning point in the story. After cameras rolled, lawyers for the Jackson estate realized there was a clause in the settlement with accuser Jordan Chandler that barred any depiction or mention of him in a movie.
Because of that old agreement, the filmmakers had to remove all references to Chandler and rework the ending so the story stopped years earlier, in the late 1980s at Jacksonâs commercial peak.
According to reporting, this meant roughly 22 days of reshoots, costing around 10â15 million dollars and pushing the total budget over 200 million.
Meanwhile, actress Kat Graham confirmed her portrayal of Diana Ross was cut for âlegal considerations,â showing how likeness and approval issues can wipe out an entire character even after filming.
For audiences, the result is a movie that intentionally avoids one of the most controversial chapters of Jacksonâs life, which some critics argue makes the portrait feel incomplete or selectively curated.
The Hidden Power of Contracts and Rights
The key detail in the Michael story is that a contract signed decades ago could dictate what present-day filmmakers are allowed to show. That settlement clause did not just affect the people who signed it; it effectively controlled the narrative of a big-budget film made years later. This is how legal documents become invisible co-authors: they quietly set boundaries around what your story can and cannot include.
Creators face similar invisible lines with:
- Life-rights and defamation: If you dramatize real people, especially in a negative light, they can claim defamation or invasion of privacy if your portrayal is inaccurate or harmful.
- Copyright and trademarks: Unlicensed music, clips, logos, or artwork can trigger copyright or trademark claims that block distribution or force expensive changes.
- Distribution contracts: Some deals give distributors the right to re-edit, retitle, or repackage your work without your approval unless you negotiate otherwise.
Legal commentary warns that fictionalizing real events and people carries heightened risk because audiences tend to connect your dramatization back to actual individuals. That risk does not disappear just because you are âsmallâ or âindieâ; impact, not audience size, usually determines exposure.
Why This Matters for Indie Filmmakers and Creators
Independent filmmakers often choose the indie route precisely to maintain creative control, but they can face more risk if they skip legal planning. Common problems include unclear ownership of the script, missing music licenses, handshake agreements with collaborators, and no written permission to use locations or peopleâs likenesses. These are the kinds of issues that can derail distribution, block a streaming deal, or force last-minute cuts that fundamentally change your story.
Legal guides for indie filmmakers consistently emphasize a few realities:
- You do not fully âownâ your film unless you have clear contracts for writing, directing, producing, and underlying rights.
- Unregistered or unlicensed creative elements (like music and logos) can make your project uninsurable or unattractive to distributors.
- Fixing legal problems after the fact is almost always more expensive and limiting than planning for them at the beginning.
So when you watch Michael skip over certain events, you are seeing, in exaggerated form, the same forces that can shape an indie short, web series, documentary, or podcast episode.
Practical Legal Lessons You Can Apply Now
You do not need a law degree, but you do need a basic legal strategy for your creative work. Here are practical steps drawn from entertainment-law and indie-film resources:
- Clarify who owns the story
- Use written agreements with co-writers, directors, and producers that state who owns the script and finished film.
- If your work is based on a real person or memoir, secure life-rights or written permission where appropriate, especially if the portrayal is sensitive.
- Be intentional with real people and events
- When telling true or inspired-by-true stories, avoid making specific, negative claims about identifiable people unless they are well-documented and legally vetted.
- Change names, details, and circumstances enough that the person is not clearly identifiable if you do not have their cooperation.
- Lock down music and visuals
- Use original scores, licensed tracks, or reputable libraries; never assume you can keep a song just because it is in a rough cut.
- Clear artwork, logos, and recognizable brands, or replace them with generic or custom-designed alternatives.
- Protect yourself in contracts
- When signing any distribution or platform deal, read the clauses about editing, retitling, and marketing carefully; ask for limits or at least consultation rights.
- Include terms that let you reclaim rights if a partner fails to release the work, goes dark, or breaches key promises.
- Document everything
- Keep organized copies of releases, licenses, and contracts; these documents are part of your projectâs value and proof of your rights.
- Register your work where applicable (for example, copyright), which strengthens your ability to enforce your rights if someone copies you.
Education-focused legal resources repeatedly stress that preventative stepsâbasic contracts, clear permissions, and simple registrationsâare far cheaper than dealing with takedowns, lawsuits, or forced rewrites later.
The Big Takeaway: Story and Law Are Connected
The Michael biopic illustrates what happens when legal obligations and creative vision collide: whole characters disappear, endings are rewritten, and the public only sees a version of the story that fits within old contracts.
As an indie filmmaker, writer, or content creator, you may not have millions at stake, but you do have something just as valuableâyour voice and your ability to tell the story you meant to tell.
Understanding the legal dimensions of your work is not a distraction from creativity; it is a way of protecting it. When you know where the legal boundaries are, you can design stories that are bold, truthful, and still safe enough to reach the audiences they deserve.
Business
How Epsteinâs Cash Shaped Artists, Agencies, and Algorithms

Jeffrey Epsteinâs money did more than buy private jets and legal leverage. It flowed into the same ecosystem that decides which artists get pushed to the front, which research gets labeled âcutting edge,â and which stories about race and power are treated as respectable debate instead of hate speech. That doesnât mean he sat in a control room programming playlists. It means his worldview seeped into institutions that already shape what we hear, see, and believe.
The Gatekeepers and Their Stains
The fallout around Casey Wasserman is a vivid example of how this works. Wasserman built a powerhouse talent and marketing agency that controls a major slice of sports, entertainment, and the global touring business. When the Epstein files revealed friendly, flirtatious exchanges between Wasserman and Ghislaine Maxwell, and documented his ties to Epsteinâs circle, artists and staff began to question whose money and relationships were quietly underwriting their careers.

That doesnât prove Epstein âcreatedâ any particular star. But it shows that a man deeply entangled with Epstein was sitting at a choke point: deciding which artists get representation, which tours get resources, which festivals and campaigns happen. In an industry built on access and favor, proximity to someone like Epstein is not just gossip; it signals which values are tolerated at the top.
When a gatekeeper with that history sits between artists and the public, âthe industryâ stops being an abstract machine and starts looking like a web of human choices â choices that, for years, were made in rooms where Epsteinâs name wasnât considered a disqualifier.
Funding Brains, Not Just Brands

Epsteinâs interest in culture didnât end with celebrity selfies. He was obsessed with the science of brains, intelligence, and behavior â and thatâs where his money begins to overlap with how audiences are modeled and, eventually, how algorithms are trained.
He cultivated relationships with scientists at elite universities and funded research into genomics, cognition, and brain development. In one highâprofile case, a UCLA professor specializing in music and the brain corresponded with Epstein for years and accepted funding for an institute focused on how music affects neural circuits. On its face, that looks like straightforward philanthropy. Put it next to his email trail and a different pattern appears.
Epsteinâs correspondence shows him pushing eugenics and ârace scienceâ again and again â arguing that genetic differences explain test score gaps between Black and white people, promoting the idea of editing human beings under the euphemism of âgenetic altruism,â and surrounding himself with thinkers who entertained those frames. One researcher in his orbit described Black children as biologically better suited to running and hunting than to abstract thinking.
So you have a financier who is:
- Funding brain and behavior research.
- Deeply invested in ranking human groups by intelligence.
- Embedded in networks that shape both scientific agendas and cultural production.
None of that proves a specific piece of music research turned into a specific Spotify recommendation. But it does show how his ideology was given time, money, and legitimacy in the very spaces that define what counts as serious knowledge about human minds.

How Ideas Leak Into Algorithms
There is another layer that is easier to see: what enters the knowledge base that machines learn from.
Fringe researchers recently misused a large U.S. study of childrenâs genetics and brain development to publish papers claiming racial hierarchies in IQ and tying Black peopleâs economic outcomes to supposed genetic deficits. Those papers then showed up as sources in answers from large AI systems when users asked about race and intelligence. Even after mainstream scientists criticized the work, it had already entered both the academic record and the training data of systems that help generate and rank content.
Epstein did not write those specific papers, but he funded the kind of people and projects that keep raceâIQ discourse alive inside elite spaces. Once that thinking is in the mix, recommendation engines and search systems donât have to be explicitly racist to reproduce it. They simply mirror whatâs in their training data and what has been treated as âseriousâ research.
Zoomed out, the pipeline looks less like a neat conspiracy and more like an ecosystem:
- Wealthy men fund âedgyâ work on genes, brains, and behavior.
- Some of that work revives old racist ideas with new data and jargon.
- Those studies get scraped, indexed, and sometimes amplified by AI systems.
- The same platforms host and boost music, video, and news â making decisions shaped by engagement patterns built on biased narratives.
The algorithm deciding what you see next is standing downstream from all of this.
The Celebrity as Smoke Screen
Epsteinâs contact lists are full of directors, actors, musicians, authors, and public intellectuals. Many now insist they had no idea what he was doing. Some probably didnât; others clearly chose not to ask. From Epsteinâs perspective, the value of those relationships is obvious.
Being seen in orbit around beloved artists and cultural figures created a reputational firewall. If the public repeatedly saw him photographed with geniuses, Oscar winners, and hitâmakers, their brains filed him under âeccentric patronâ rather than âdangerous predator.â
That softens the landing for his ideas, too. Race science sounds less toxic when itâs discussed over dinner at a universityâbacked salon or exchanged in emails with a famous thinker.
The more oxygen is spent on the celebrity angle â who flew on which plane, who sat at which dinner â the less attention is left for what may matter more in the long run: the way his money and ideology were welcomed by institutions that shape culture and knowledge.

What to Love, Who to Fear
The point is not to claim that Jeffrey Epstein was secretly programming your TikTok feed or handâpicking your favorite rapper. The deeper question is what happens when a man with his worldview is allowed to invest in the people and institutions that decide:
- Which artists are âmarketable.â
- Which scientific questions are âimportant.â
- Which studies are âseriousâ enough to train our machines on.
- Which faces and stories are framed as aspirational â and which as dangerous.
If your media diet feels saturated with certain kinds of Black representation â hyperâvisible in music and sports, underârepresented in positions of uncontested authority â while âobjectiveâ science quietly debates Black intelligence, thatâs not random drift. Itâs the outcome of centuries of narrative work that men like Epstein bought into and helped sustain.
No one can draw a straight, provable line from his bank account to a specific song or recommendation. But the lines he did draw â to elite agencies, to brain and music research, to raceâobsessed science networks â are enough to show this: his money was not only paying for crimes in private. It was also buying him a seat at the tables where culture and knowledge are made, where the stories about who to love and who to fear get quietly agreed upon.

A Challenge to Filmmakers and Creatives
For anyone making culture inside this system, thatâs the uncomfortable part: this isnât just a story about âthem.â Itâs also a story about you.
Filmmakers, showrunners, musicians, actors, and writers all sit at points where money, narrative, and visibility intersect. You rarely control where the capital ultimately comes from, but you do control what you validate, what you reproduce, and what you challenge.
Questions worth carrying into every room:
- Whose gaze are you serving when you pitch, cast, and cut?
- Which Black characters are being centered â and are they full humans or familiar stereotypes made safe for gatekeepers?
- When someone says a project is âtoo political,â âtoo niche,â or âbad for the algorithm,â whose comfort is really being protected?
- Are you treating âthe industryâ as a neutral force, or as a set of human choices you can push against?
If wealth like Epsteinâs can quietly seep into agencies, labs, and institutions that decide what gets made and amplified, then the stories you choose to tell â and refuse to tell â become one of the few levers of resistance inside that machine. You may not control every funding source, but you can decide whether your work reinforces a world where Black people are data points and aesthetics, or one where they are subjects, authors, and owners.
The industry will always have its âgatekeepers.â The open question is whether creatives accept that role as fixed, or start behaving like counterâprogrammers: naming the patterns, refusing easy archetypes, and building alternative pathways, platforms, and partnerships wherever possible. In a landscape where money has long been used to decide what to love and who to fear, your choices about whose stories get light are not just artistic decisions. They are acts of power.
Business
New DOJ Files Reveal Naomi Campbellâs Deep Ties to Jeffrey Epstein

In early 2026, the global conversation surrounding the “Epstein files” has reached a fever pitch as the Department of Justice continues to un-redact millions of pages of internal records. Among the most explosive revelations are detailed email exchanges between Ghislaine Maxwell and Jeffrey Epstein that directly name supermodel Naomi Campbell. While Campbell has long maintained she was a peripheral figure in Epsteinâs world, the latest documentsâincluding an explicit message where Maxwell allegedly offered âtwo playmatesâ for the modelâhave forced a national re-evaluation of her proximity to the criminal enterprise.

The Logistics of a High-Fashion Connection
The declassified files provide a rare look into the operational relationship between the supermodel and the financier. Flight logs and internal staff emails from as late as 2016 show that Campbellâs travel was frequently subsidized by Epsteinâs private fleet. In one exchange, Epsteinâs assistants discussed the urgency of her travel requests, noting she had âno backup planâ and was reliant on his jet to reach international events.

This level of logistical coordination suggests a relationship built on significant mutual favors, contrasting with Campbell’s previous descriptions of him as just another face in the crowd.
In Her Own Words: The “Sickened” Response
Campbell has not remained silent as these files have surfaced, though her defense has been consistent for years. In a widely cited 2019 video response that has been recirculated amid the 2026 leaks, she stated, âWhat heâs done is indefensible. Iâm as sickened as everyone else is by it.â When confronted with photos of herself at parties alongside Epstein and Maxwell, she has argued against the concept of “guilt by association,” telling the press:
She has further emphasized her stance by aligning herself with those Epstein harmed, stating,
âI stand with the victims. Iâm not a person who wants to see anyone abused, and I never have been.”â

The Mystery of the “Two Playmates”
The most damaging piece of evidence in the recent 2026 release is an email where Maxwell reportedly tells Epstein she has “two playmates” ready for Campbell.
While the context of this “offer” remains a subject of intense debateâwith some investigators suggesting it refers to the procurement of young women for social or sexual purposesâCampbellâs legal team has historically dismissed such claims as speculative. However, for a public already wary of elite power brokers, the specific wording used in these private DOJ records has created a “stop-the-scroll” moment that is proving difficult for the fashion icon to move past.
A Reputation at a Crossroads
As a trailblazer in the fashion industry, Campbell is now navigating a period where her professional achievements are being weighed against her presence in some of historyâs most notorious social circles. The 2026 files don’t just name her; they place her within a broader system where modeling agents and scouts allegedly groomed young women under the guise of high-fashion opportunities. Whether these records prove a deeper complicity or simply illustrate the unavoidable overlap of the 1% remains the central question of the ongoing DOJ investigation.
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