Pros and Cons of the Big Beautiful Bill

The “Big Beautiful Bill” (officially the One Big Beautiful Bill Act) is a sweeping tax and spending package passed in July 2025. It makes permanent many Trump-era tax cuts, introduces new tax breaks for working Americans, and enacts deep cuts to federal safety-net programs. The bill also increases spending on border security and defense, while rolling back clean energy incentives and tightening requirements for social programs.

Pros

1. Tax Relief for Middle and Working-Class Families

• Makes the 2017 Trump tax cuts permanent, preventing a scheduled tax hike for many Americans.
• Introduces new tax breaks: no federal income tax on tips and overtime pay (for incomes under $150,000, with limits).
• Doubles the Child Tax Credit to $2,500 per child through 2028.
• Temporarily raises the SALT (state and local tax) deduction cap to $40,000.
• Creates “Trump Accounts”: tax-exempt savings accounts for newborns.

2. Support for Small Businesses and Economic Growth

• Makes the small business deduction permanent, supporting Main Street businesses.
• Expands expensing for investment in short-lived assets and domestic R&D, which is considered pro-growth.

3. Increased Spending on Security and Infrastructure

• Allocates $175 billion for border security and $160 billion for defense, the highest peacetime military budget in U.S. history.
• Provides $12.5 billion for air traffic control modernization.

4. Simplification and Fairness in the Tax Code

• Expands the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and raises marginal rates on individuals earning over $400,000.
• Closes various deductions and loopholes, especially those benefiting private equity and multinational corporations.

Cons

1. Deep Cuts to Social Safety Net Programs

• Cuts Medicaid by approximately $930 billion and imposes new work requirements, which could leave millions without health insurance.
• Tightens eligibility and work requirements for SNAP (food assistance), potentially removing benefits from many low-income families.
• Rolls back student loan forgiveness and repeals Biden-era subsidies.

2. Increases the Federal Deficit

• The bill is projected to add $3.3–4 trillion to the federal deficit over 10 years.
• Critics argue that the combination of tax cuts and increased spending is fiscally irresponsible.

3. Benefits Skewed Toward the Wealthy

• The largest income gains go to affluent Americans, with top earners seeing significant after-tax increases.
• Critics describe the bill as the largest upward transfer of wealth in recent U.S. history.

4. Rollback of Clean Energy and Climate Incentives

• Eliminates tax credits for electric vehicles and solar energy by the end of 2025.
• Imposes stricter requirements for renewable energy developers, which could lead to job losses and higher electricity costs.

5. Potential Harm to Healthcare and Rural Hospitals

• Reduces funding for hospitals serving Medicaid recipients, increasing uncompensated care costs and threatening rural healthcare access.
• Tightens verification for federal premium subsidies under the Affordable Care Act, risking coverage for some middle-income Americans.

6. Public and Political Backlash

• The bill is unpopular in public polls and is seen as a political risk for its supporters.
• Critics warn it will widen the gap between rich and poor and reverse progress on alternative energy and healthcare.

Summary Table

In summary:
The Big Beautiful Bill delivers significant tax relief and new benefits for many working and middle-class Americans, but it does so at the cost of deep cuts to social programs, a higher federal deficit, and reduced support for clean energy and healthcare. The bill is highly polarizing, with supporters touting its pro-growth and pro-family provisions, while critics warn of increased inequality and harm to vulnerable populations.